ZebraUp wrote: Taken from the Boelcke Dicta (via Wikipedia):
3. Open fire only at close range, and then only when the opponent is squarely in your sights.
A common rookie's urge was to start blasting away upon sighting his first enemy machine. Shots taken at ranges of 1000 m (3280 ft) stood little chance of hitting their mark. The rattle of machine gun fire would alert the intended target and gave them time to react.
The machine guns available for aircraft during the First World War were not highly accurate at longer ranges. Add to that the difficulty of aiming from a moving, bouncing gun platform at a fast moving target and it is a marvel that anyone ever hit anything. Boelcke preferred to fly to within 100 m (330 ft) or less before firing, to ensure hitting what he aimed at with his opening burst. Once the rattle of his guns was heard, the advantage of surprise was gone, so it was best to make that first shot most effective.
Another aspect of making each shot count was the limited supply of ammunition carried in World War I aircraft — usually only a few hundred rounds. This could amount to less than 60 seconds of sustained fire. Reloading in the air varied from dangerous to impossible. Spraying the sky with lead in hopes of hitting something, eventually, was not an option. Shots had to be chosen carefully. Early in the war, when a sense of chivalry still held sway, some men allowed their opponents to depart if they were out of ammunition or had jammed guns. Total war did not allow such courtesies to last for long.
I think ammo has always been a problem, the A-10 could only carry a minute's woth of 30mm, much like the DVII had a 500 round belt for each Spandau. Again, I think heating the guns and jamming them when hot is more realistic than taking away from the actual ballistics. Let's put it this way, if the 7.92 is curved to realism, there will be plenty of people that suddenly can't hit the broadside of a barn, but there will be a few that have ballistic calculators in their DNA and will be lethal at range. Why make the range less than actual, why not let the actual performance of the rounds determine the effective range for each shooter? Ammo capacity is close now to realistic, give or take, it's the missions that are shorter and involve immediate prospects of combat.
I keep thinking of the statistics that more pilots were killed in training than in combat, and in combat their first month than the rest of the war. Most of these pilots were only nominally such, and couldn't shoot. I also remember watching WWII gunnery videos where they had a shotgun mounted in a gun cradle, driving down a road shooting clays to train gunners, moving platform, moving target, moving gun. Taking the gun and fixing it to the plane takes away one of the movement factors, whereas I've shot off a vehicle that I wasn't steering, moving in an unkown direction (to me) against a target moving likewise. The fixed guns shooting through the prop was what made these planes suddenly much more lethal and started the arms race.
I've been in plenty of slow fixed wing aircraft and rotor wing aircraft and unless there was a storm they were relatively stable gun platforms. A Piper Cub is only slightly slower than a Fokker Dr. I, and with much less surface area on the wings, but I can hold it steady enough at speed to point the prop at a certain mark and hold it for a good while. Certainly more stable than a humvee bouncing through the desert or down the tank tables.
Of course the guns are more lethal closer, because the cone of fire does not extend beyond the target. That doesn't mean they are less lethal at range, they just have to be aimed with skill, same as a modern battle rifle. Add wind drag and buffeting, like the old Flying Corp, and it doesn't really throw your aim much.